How To Walk on Powder Snow in Minecraft

howchoo   (467)

September 11, 2023

4 minutes

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With the new snowy biomes and mountains came a very specific, and dangerous block. No, it’s not quicksand or ice spices. We’re talking about powder snow. Now, this isn’t a block you can craft, but it really is something unique.

Powder snow is a trap block that can be found in snowy slopes and groves biomes. Similar to cobwebs, entities that walk or fall through powder snow don’t take fall damage, but move much slower. Rather than causing suffocation damage, the powder snow block causes freeze damage. As a player falls deeper into this snowy pitfall, a frosty vignette will appear on the sides of the screen, and they’ll visibly shiver before eventually starting to take damage.

Perhaps the worst part of powder snow blocks is that they’re incredibly hard to spot when surrounded by snow blocks! So how can you ensure your safety and explore the new mountain peaks that 1.18 has to offer? That’s what this guide is going to answer.

Follow the steps below to be able to safely walk on powder snow!

1 – Gather Supplies

Before we begin, there are a couple items you need:

Crafting bench 4 pieces of leather Color dye (optional)

2 – Craft Leather Boots

On the crafting table, arrange the leather pieces as shown above. If you’d like to dye your boots, place the crafted leather boots and one piece of dye into the crafting grid.

3 – Made for Walkin’

Now you’re all set to safely walk through and on powder snow. In fact, any piece of leather armor will stop the freezing effect and damage. Horses that wear leather armor also are immune to freezing.

Top 10 Enchantments in Minecraft

howchoo   (467)

March 25, 2024

How To Find Minecraft Screenshots in CurseForge

howchoo   (467)

September 11, 2023

2 minutes

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Sometimes you want to share your Minecraft builds or moments with others, while other times you want to access screenshots of coordinates to the point of interest you promised you’d return to. Thankfully, no matter the need, finding your Minecraft screenshots through CurseForge is quick and easy!

1 – Open CurseForge

If you’re playing through CurseForge, that’s where your screenshots will be saved through. Open CurseForge then move to the next step.

2 – Open the Profile

Click into the profile or modpack that the world was played in.

3 – Open the Instance’s Folder

Click the ... button to the left of the Play button. In the drop-down menu, click Open Folder.

4 – Navigate to the Screenshots Folder

A window will open that shows all the files in the instance you played. Find the Screenshots folder and double click to open it. Within are all the screenshots you made in your worlds!

Top 10 Enchantments in Minecraft

howchoo   (467)

March 25, 2024

How to Set Up a Proxy Server on Your Mac Using SquidMan

howchoo   (467)

September 11, 2023

6 minutes

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This guide will teach you how to set up a proxy server on macOS using SquidMan.

What’s a proxy server?

A proxy server is a computer that sits between a user and the Internet, and when using a proxy, all traffic between the end user and any website they visit is channeled through the proxy server. There are a number of reasons to use a proxy server, and one common reason is to make it look like traffic is coming from the proxy server’s location, not the end user’s location. This can give users access to content that is restricted by location. Proxies can also provide other functionality like data encryption, caching, network optimizations, and more.

1 – Install SquidMan

We’re going to use Squid as our proxy. We’re actually going to install SquidMan which is a manager for the Squid proxy cache. Installing SquidMan is all you need to get started.

Click here and download the appropriate version. The SquidMan version will depend on what version of OS X you’re running.

After downloading SquidMan open the dmg file and move the SquidMan application into your Applications folder.

2 – Open the SquidMan app

You can open the app by using Finder to navigate to your Applications folder and clicking on the SquidMan icon.

Or you can simply type cmd + space bar, and search for squidman. The app will open up to the preferences page.

3 – Configure your proxy

This guide won’t cover all of the configuration details. No configuration is required for basic usage, but notice the default port is set to 8080.

Make sure to save your preferences.

4 – Enable the IP range for your client

To connect to this proxy you’ll need to enable the IP range for the client device you will connect with. To do this click on the Clients in SquidMan > Preferences. Then click on New, and add your IP range.

I used 192.168.1.0/24 to allow any device on my local network.

Click here for information on CIDR notation.

5 – Start the proxy server

Now you can simply click Start Squid to start the proxy server.

6 – Testing the proxy

I’m going to test on my iPhone. You can follow this guide for more details on configuring a proxy on your iPhone.

How to Configure a Proxy on Your iPhone
Set up an iPhone proxy in minutes.

You’ll need to get the IP address of your Macbook. To do so you can open up the Network Utility on your Macbook. Make sure the Wi-Fi interface (en0) is selected. Use the IP address shown for the server. The port will be 8080 unless you changed it.

Example details
Server: 192.168.1.244
Port: 8080

How to Enable the “Popping” Sound When Adjusting the Volume on Your Mac

howchoo   (467)

December 13, 2023

How to Use an Xbox One Controller on the Raspberry Pi

howchoo (467)

September 11, 2023

10 minutes

What you’ll need

Interests

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B x 1

Xbox One controller x 1

Micro SD Card x 1

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The Ultimate RetroPie Controller Guide Press A! Press A! No no no…not B!

How to Install Raspberry Pi OS on Your Raspberry Pi Get the new official Raspberry Pi OS on your Pi.

1 – Install or update to the latest version of Raspberry Pi OS

How to Install Raspberry Pi OS on Your Raspberry Pi Get the new official Raspberry Pi OS on your Pi.

2 – Install the xboxdrv driver

sudo apt-get install xboxdrv

3 – Connect a wireless Xbox controller

4 – Connect an Xbox controller via USB cable

5 – Connect a controller with Bluetooth

1. Disable Enhanced Re-Transmission Mode (ERTM)

echo 'options bluetooth disable_ertm=Y' | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/bluetooth.conf

2. Start Bluetooth Tools

sudo bluetoothctl

3. Search for the Xbox controller

agent on
default-agent

scan on

4. Connect to the Xbox controller

connect MAC_ADDRESS

trust MAC_ADDRESS

5. Test the connection

sudo apt-get install joystick

sudo jstest /dev/input/js0

6 – Use an Xbox controller to replace mouse functions

sudo xboxdrv --detach-kernel-driver --silent --mouse

7 – You’re all done!

How to Connect Your Xbox One Controller to PC Use your Xbox One controller with your favorite PC games.

Top 10 Enchantments in Minecraft

howchoo (467)

March 25, 2024

The Ultimate RetroPie Controller Guide

howchoo   (467)

September 11, 2023

13 minutes

What you’ll need

Interests

Series

Raspberry Pi x 1

8Bitdo SF30 bluetooth controller x 1

USB gamepad x 1

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• 
  RetroPie FAQ
• 
  RetroPie Splash Screens
• 
  RetroPie Setup
• 
  RetroPie ROMs
• 
  Adding ROMs
• 
  RetroPie Controllers
• 
  RetroPie Themes
• 
  RetroPie Scrapers
• 
  Saving Games

Choosing and setting up a controller to use with RetroPie is incredibly easy. Everything is almost completely automated and the software provides us the opportunity for plenty of customization.

RetroPie: Build Your Own Raspberry Pi Retro Gaming Rig
How to install (and use) RetroPie!

This guide will teach you how to choose, set up, configure, and map both bluetooth and USB controllers in RetroPie.

1 – Bluetooth vs USB controllers for RetroPie

Best controller for RetroPie

Choosing the best RetroPie controller often boils down to preference. Are you looking for a budget friendly option or something with desirable specs? Either way, below are the best bluetooth and USB controllers for RetroPie that have a sufficient number of buttons to play a wide range of games.

The Best RetroPie Controllers – Top 10 (2023)
Don’t skimp on your RetroPie controller—get the best!

RetroPie bluetooth controllers

Bluetooth controllers are typically the more expensive option, but these controllers provide excellent wireless capabilities. Most modern Bluetooth controllers are very responsive, much like their wired counterparts. Visit our full guide on RetroPie bluetooth controllers.

How to Use a Wireless Bluetooth Controller with RetroPie
No more wires!

RetroPie USB controllers

USB controllers are also a great option. Some users appreciate the direct wire for practical and nostalgic purposes. These controllers are much more affordable compared to Bluetooth devices. The downside is that USB controller cords are often short so it can be tough to sit back on the couch and relax.

2 – Use a compatible controller

The Raspberry Pi comes with USB HID ports on the side. Newer models come with built in Bluetooth capabilities. Your RetroPie setup should be compatible with almost any controller. Wireless controllers with USB receivers can work with the system as well.

To make sure your controller is compatible, do a quick search online for the make and model of your controller. Alternatively, plug it in and see if RetroPie is responsive to the input.

If you’re using a compatible Bluetooth controller, set up your Bluetooth controller with RetroPie first, then return here.

You can also use compatible USB and Bluetooth console controllers on your Raspberry Pi. For example, learn how to use an Xbox controller on your Raspberry Pi.

How to Use an Xbox One Controller on the Raspberry Pi
Get a grip and control your Pi!

3 – First time RetroPie controller setup

During the first time you set up RetroPie, an opportunity will arise to connect and configure your controller. The setup script will guide you through pairing the buttons.

You can visit the official GitHub page to read more about how to configure a controller during the initial RetroPie setup.

4 – Configure your RetroPie controller for a single console (gaming system)

To make your gaming experience feel more natural, you may need to swap a few buttons on occasion. But instead of changing the entire RetroPie controller configuration every time, all you need is a custom profile for the emulator core of your choosing.

To create a custom profile for a single console…

1. Open a game using the target console emulator
2. Hold the Select button and press X
3. Choose Controls
4. Optimize your button configuration as needed
5. Choose Save Core Remap File

5 – Configure your RetroPie controller for a single game

Some games are easier to play with a unique controller profile of their own. Setting up a custom game profile is very similar to creating one for the emulator.

To create a custom profile for a single game…

1. Open the game you want to create a custom controller profile for
2. Hold the Select button and press X
3. Choose Controls
4. Optimize your button configuration as needed
5. Choose Save Game Remap File

6 – Useful RetroPie hotkeys and where to find more

Hotkeys are an easy way to perform certain tasks or access special menu screens. They’re usually comprised of a two button combination. We’ve gathered a quick list of the most useful hotkeys below.

How to Save and Load Saved Games in RetroPie
No more marathons. Unless you want to.

7 – Troubleshooting

As always, if something isn’t working right we’ve got you covered. These are some of the most common issues facing RetroPie users with controllers.

Controller input is slow or delayed

This issue is common with wireless controllers. However, it can happen with wired ones as well. Try testing the controller on another device or computer to isolate the problem. If the controller is only slow when using the Pi, you may need to restart the device and configure it once again.

Custom profile is missing

Verify you have taken the proper steps to save the custom controller configuration. If the file isn’t saving, you will need to make sure both the SD card and destination folders are writable.

The custom controller profiles are saved in the following file path:

/opt/retropie/configs/

RetroPie doesn’t recognize the controller

If RetroPie isn’t recognizing the controller, verify there are no obvious hardware issues causing the disconnect. The cable needs be completely inserted into the port, but shouldn’t require excessive force. Make sure the controller is working on other devices.

If the controller is working on other machines, it may be a compatibility issue with the Pi. You may need to restart the Pi and try to configure the controller once more. Search online, other users have encountered this problem using the same make and model controller.

How to Run a Minecraft Server on the Raspberry Pi

howchoo   (467)

December 7, 2023

Simplest Way to Find the Battery Charge Cycle Count on Your iPhone

howchoo   (467)

September 11, 2023

3 minutes

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This is the simplest way to see the health of your iPhone’s battery. For a reminder, after 500 cycles, your battery is operating with roughly 80% of its full capacity*.

* According to this support article.

*And see our guide on how to get your Mac battery percentage back!

How to Show Battery Percentage in macOS Monterey and Big Sur
Apple hid the battery percentage option starting with Big Sur. Here’s where it is.

1 – Navigate to Settings > Privacy > Analytics & Improvements

Make sure Share iPhone Analytics is toggled on.

2 – Tap Analytics Data

Tap the “Analytics Data” option.

3 – Scroll down to the last file that begins with “log-aggregated”

Scroll down until you reach the last file that begins with log-aggregated.

4 – Select and copy the contents of the file

Drag the cursor down to the bottom and hold your finger there, it will eventually scroll very quickly.

5 – Open the Notes app and paste the contents of the file

Open the built-in Notes app and paste the contents of that file into it.

6 – Click the action icon (top right) and then “Find in Note”

Click the action icon in the top right and then select Find in Note.

7 – Type in BatteryCycleCount

The number immediately following “BatteryCycleCount” is your cycle count!

Next, learn how to back up your iPhone.

How to Back Up Your iPhone
Just put it on the cloud with everything else.

How to Block a Website with Screen Time on Your iPhone

howchoo   (467)

November 30, 2023

How To Access Media Files on the Oculus Quest 2

howchoo (467)

September 11, 2023

4 minutes

What you’ll need

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Oculus Quest 2 x 1

KIWI design’s USB C to A cable x 1

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1 – Connect to the PC

2 – View PC files

3 – Open Internal shared storage

4 – Open Oculus folder

5 – Open the wanted media folder

• How To Take a Screenshot on the Oculus Quest 2
• How To Record a Video on the Oculus Quest 2

Top 10 Enchantments in Minecraft

howchoo (467)

March 25, 2024

How To Remove Enchantments in Minecraft

howchoo   (467)

September 11, 2023

20 minutes

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Enchantments in Minecraft are assets that offer new abilities and bonuses to your items. These can be applied to your armor, weapons, and tools to give you an edge in combat and exploration.

One way to enchant items is to use an Enchanting Table, which requires Lapis Lazuli and a handful of player experience points (XP). Another way is by combining an item and an Enchanted Book using an Anvil with no XP required. While these methods can be expensive in the early game, Enchanted Books and already-enchanted items can easily be found by looting chests and trading with villagers.

If you’re lost on how to add enchantments, be sure to read our guide on how to enchant items!

Enchanting is easy once you get the hang of it, but the real challenge is finding the enchantments you want for your equipment. Thus, players may want to remove enchantments on an item to replace them with more suitable ones, preserve the item itself, or gain XP from disenchanting.

There are two tools you can use to remove enchantments in Minecraft: the Grindstone and the Crafting Table. Both tools remove all enchantments on an item except for curse enchantments, which are the Curse of Binding and the Curse of Vanishing. No method in standard gameplay also allows you to select the enchantments you want to remove, so keep these in mind!

How to Remove Enchantments Using a Crafting Table

The Crafting Table is one of the easiest things to make in Minecraft, needing only 4 Planks of any type. This method requires two damaged items of the same type, enchanted or not. Doing this combines the durability of these items and removes any enchantments aside from the curse ones.

1 – Make a Crafting Table

Open your Crafting Menu and place 4 Planks in a 2×2 formation. Then, take your Crafting Table and put it down to access it.

2 – Remove Enchantments

In the crafting grid, put your two damaged items. The output slot will return a repaired version with the combined durability of both items and without the enchantments.

How to Remove Enchantments Using a Grindstone

The Grindstone is a craftable block commonly used to repair items, but it can also be used to remove enchantments. Unlike the Crafting Table, removing enchantments with this tool gives you XP. The higher the level of the enchantments, the more XP you will get.

Additionally, putting two of the same items, whether enchanted or not, in the Grindstone combines the durability of both items into one disenchanted item and gives it an additional 5% durability bonus. Putting only one enchanted item does not change its durability but still drops some XP.

This is the opposite of what an Anvil does, which is to combine enchantments even as it repairs them.

If you want the XP and durability bonus, you may want to take the extra step to get a Grindstone. Follow the steps below to find out how you can do it.

1 – Craft a Grindstone

To craft a Grindstone, you need 2 Sticks, 2 Planks of any type, and 1 Stone Slab. Combine them using a Crafting Table. Then, take the Grindstone in the output slot and set it down to use it.

You can also find naturally generated Grindstones in village weaponsmiths.

2 – Remove Enchantments

In the Grindstone’s interface, place the enchanted item in the input slot. Doing this will return a disenchanted item in the output slot. 

You can put up to two items to repair and disenchant in the Grindstone to get a repaired item with the combined durability of both items, an additional 5% durability bonus, and some player XP.

How to Remove Curse Enchantments

The Curse of Binding and the Curse of Vanishing can only be removed by breaking the cursed items or dying. The Curse of Binding is an enchantment that prevents the item from being removed unless the player dies or breaks it. The Curse of Vanishing, on the other hand, only disappears when the player dies, but the item goes away with it too.

Luckily (or unluckily), there are many ways to die in Minecraft, so if you have nothing to lose, you can simply wait to for something to kill you. If you don’t want to die, you can do any of the following:

1 – Wait for the Cursed Item to Break

You can wear the cursed item out until it gets destroyed. This means using the item until its durability is fully depleted. All tools, weapons, and armor eventually break over time as long as you use them. This option can be time-consuming but it is much safer than dying. You can always check your inventory to see how much durability the item has left.

If you are wearing cursed armor, there are many things you can do to deplete its durability. Here are more creative methods you can try:

• Get attacked by hostile mobs or other players.
• Take fall damage.
• Bump into a Cactus or Sweet Berry bush.
• Step on Magma Blocks.
• Come into contact with fire or lava.
• Get hit by snowballs, eggs, or llama spit.

The time it takes to break the armor varies on the method. Expect to take damage if you want to do any of these, and stock up on food to keep your health up.

2 – Use a Console Command

Before using any console command, you must first set ‘Allow Cheats’ from your settings to ‘On.’ You can access this feature when you create your world, or when you visit the Game Settings.

In Java, you have the option to go to the Game Menu by pressing Esc and clicking ‘Open to LAN.’

Once you have access to console commands, you can use /item replace (Java 1.17 and up) to swap out your cursed item with another item.

Command suggestions will pop up in the chat window as you type so you don’t have to memorize the syntax. In this case, the command has the following arguments:

• /item replace: This is the command.
• entity @s: This selects the entity or player that entered the command.
• container.0: This refers to the leftmost slot in the hotbar where the cursed item is located. You can replace the number depending on the location of the item you want to replace.
• with minecraft:acacia_planks: This is what the item in the above slot will be replaced with.
• 1: This is the amount of the above item that you want to have.

Pressing enter after typing the above command will replace the cursed Diamond Sword in the leftmost slot with 1 Acacia Plank.

For Bedrock Edition and versions lower than Java 1.17, the command /replaceitem is used instead. If you want to find out more, the Minecraft Wiki discusses the /item replace command in more detail here and the /replaceitem command here.

3 – Go Into Creative Mode

When all else fails, enter Creative Mode and simply remove the cursed items from your inventory.

To go into Creative Mode, your cheats also need to be turned on. Afterwards, you can enter any of the following in the chat window:

• /gamemode creative
• /gamemode c
• /gamemode 1

Depending on your Minecraft version, only the first option may work.

Overall, a good rule of thumb to avoid getting cursed is to be careful when equipping the items you find. Always check their enchantments before wearing or doing anything with them!

What Are the Advantages of Removing Enchantments in Minecraft?

The advantages of removing enchantments in Minecraft include enchantment customization, item reusability, XP farming, and the durability bonus via the Grindstone method.

• Enchantment Customization. Removing unwanted enchantments allows you to replace them with enchantments that are better suited for your gear. 
• Item Reusability. Removing enchantments from an item is useful if you want to reuse it or preserve it for future purposes.
• XP Farming. Using the Grindstone to disenchant items gives back XP. This is especially useful whenever you find already-enchanted items from looting that you do not want. As you play, you may accumulate similar items that can be put to good use this way.
• Durability Bonus (Grindstone Method). The Grindstone method gives you the 5% durability bonus when combining two of the same item.

What Are the Disadvantages of Removing Enchantments in Minecraft?

Removing enchantments in Minecraft have the following disadvantages: the inability to select the enchantments to remove or get enchantments back, the difference of XP gained from XP used by enchanting, and the lack of bonuses via the Crafting Table method.

• Inability to Remove or Keep Certain Enchantments. You cannot select the enchantments to be removed. This prevents you from keeping the enchantments that you may like.
• Inability to Get Enchantments Back. Once you disenchant an item using a Grindstone or a Crafting table, there is no way to get them back.
• XP Gained is Less Than XP Used. The amount of XP gained is less than the XP used to enchant the items in the first place.
• No Bonuses (Crafting Table Method). There are no XP or durability bonuses with the Crafting Table method. If the Grindstone is too expensive to make at first, the Crafting Table can do the same but with less rewards.

Top 10 Enchantments in Minecraft

howchoo   (467)

March 25, 2024

How to Set up Your Raspberry Pi Without a Keyboard, Monitor, or Mouse

howchoo   (467)

September 9, 2023

9 minutes

What you’ll need

Interests

Raspberry Pi x 1

Personal Computer x 1

Raspberry Pi power supply, 2A x 1

MicroSD card, 32GB x 1

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If you don’t have an extra keyboard and monitor laying around, or if you generally prefer working on the command line, then you’ll benefit from a headless Raspberry Pi setup. In this case, headless simply means that we’ll set up and use the Raspberry Pi without any monitor or other GUI. This guide will walk you through the process of setting up a headless Raspberry Pi.

I recommend using a Raspberry Pi 3/4 or Raspberry PI Zero W since they have onboard WiFi. If you’re using a different version of the Pi, you’ll need to add a Raspberry Pi WiFi USB adapter.

How to Set up the Edimax EW-7811Un USB WiFi Adapter on Your Raspberry Pi

In addition to the Pi, you’ll need a power supply, SD card, and another computer.

1 – Install Raspberry Pi OS on the SD card

We’ve written a detailed guide on how to install Raspberry Pi OS on your Raspberry Pi. Follow this guide to get the latest version of Raspberry Pi OS on your SD card.

How to Install Raspberry Pi OS on Your Raspberry Pi
Get the new official Raspberry Pi OS on your Pi.

After installing Raspberry Pi OS on the card, leave the SD card in your computer. We’ll do much of the remaining setup from here.

2 – Enable SSH

To enable SSH, first navigate to the boot directory:

cd /Volumes/boot

Now create an empty file called “ssh”:

touch ssh

This will enable SSH when the Pi is booted. If you need more details on this process, view the full guide to enable SSH on Raspberry Pi OS without a screen.

How to Enable SSH on Raspberry Pi OS Without a Screen
The SSH protocol is disabled by default.

3 – Enable WiFi

In order to SSH into your Pi, you’ll need to be connected to your local network. You can, of course, use Ethernet, but if you’re using the Raspberry Pi 3, you’ve got WiFi built-in. So let’s add our WiFi configuration to the Pi so it’s available when we boot.

Navigate to the boot directory:

cd /Volumes/boot

And create a file called wpa_supplicant.conf. Add the following to this file:

For Raspbian Jessie:

network={
    ssid="YOUR_NETWORK_NAME"
    psk="YOUR_PASSWORD"
    key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
}

For Raspbian Buster or Stretch:

ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
network={
    ssid="YOUR_NETWORK_NAME"
    psk="YOUR_PASSWORD"
    key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
}

You’ll need to add your wireless network name and password.

Again, if you need more details on this process view the full guide on how to set up WiFi on your Raspberry Pi without Ethernet.

How to Set up WiFi on Your Raspberry Pi Without a Monitor (Headless)
No monitor, keyboard, or mouse? No problem.

4 – Unmount the SD card and boot the Raspberry Pi

At this point, you can access the Raspberry Pi via SSH. Remove the SD card from your computer, then put it in the Pi and boot.

5 – Find the IP address of the Pi

Now we’ll need to find the IP address of the Pi. If you’ve only got one Pi on your local network, this is easy. Simply use ping.

ping raspberrypi

If you’ve got multiple pi’s, you may need to scan the network with nmap and locate your Pi.

nmap -sn 192.168.1.0/24

You’ll need to make sure you’re using the correct subnet. Then find the address of your Pi in the output. For more information see the full guide on finding the IP address of your Raspberry Pi.

How to Find Your Raspberry Pi’s IP Address

6 – SSH into the Pi

With the IP address located, you can SSH into the Pi using:

ssh [email protected]

Of course, you’ll need to substitute your IP address.

7 – (Optional) Mount the Raspberry Pi onto your computer

This is not a necessary step, but for many it’s preferable to mount the Pi’s filesystem locally rather than work directly on the Pi. We’ll use sshfs to create the mount, so first install sshfs.

How to Install SSHFS

Now create the directory where you’ll place the mount. I’m going to use /Volumes/pi.

sudo mkdir /Volumes/pi

Now create the mount.

sudo sshfs -o allow_other [email protected]:/ /Volumes/pi

How to Run a Minecraft Server on the Raspberry Pi

howchoo   (467)

December 7, 2023

Python Regexes – findall, search, and match

howchoo   (467)

September 9, 2023

8 minutes

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Python

python • 18 guides

Regex

regex • 1 guides

This guide will cover the basics of how to use three common regex functions in Python – findall, search, and match. These three are similar, but they each have different a different purpose. This guide will not cover how to compose a regular expression so it assumes you are already somewhat familiar.

1 – re.match

The match function is used for finding matches at the beginning of a string only.

import re
re.match(r'hello', 'hello world')
# 

But keep in mind this only looks for matches at the beginning of the string.

re.match(r'world', 'hello world')
# None

Even if you’re dealing with a multiline string and include a “^” to try to search at the beginning and use the re.MULTILINE flag, it will still only search the beginning of the string.

re.match(r'^hello', 'good morningnhello worldnhello mom', re.MULTILINE)
# None

A great use case for re.match is testing a single pattern like a phone number or zip code. It’s a good way to tell if your test string matches a desired pattern. This is a quick example of testing to make sure a string matches a desired phone number format.

if re.match(r'(d{3})-(d{3})-(d{4})', '925-783-3005'):
    print "phone number is good"

If the string matches, a match object will be returned; otherwise it will return None.

You can read more about Python match objects if necessary.

Python Regexes – How to Match Objects in Python

2 – re.search

This function is very much like match except it looks throughout the entire string and returns the first match. Taking our example from above:

import re
re.search(r'world', 'hello world')
# 

When using match this would return None, but using search we get our match object. This function is especially useful for determining if a pattern exists in a string. For instance, you might want to see if a line contains the word sandwich.

line = "I love to each sandwiches for lunch."
if re.search(r'sandwich', line):
    # 
    print "Found a sandwich"

Or maybe you want to take a block of text and find out if any of the lines begin with a number:

text = """
1. ricochet robots
2. settlers of catan
3. acquire
"""
match = re.search(r'd+.', text, re.MULTILINE)
match.group()
# '1.'

Again, this is very valuable for searching through an entire block of text to look for a match. If you’re looking to find multiple occurrences of a pattern in a string, you should look at step 3 – findall.

3 – re.findall

Findall does what you would expect – it finds all occurrences of a pattern in a string. This is different from the previous two functions in that it doesn’t return a match object. It simply returns a list of matches.

Using our board game example from above:

text = """
1. ricochet robots
2. settlers of catan
3. acquire
"""
re.findall(r'd+.', text, re.MULTILINE)
# ['1.', '2.', '3.']

As you can see, this returns a list of matches. If you don’t use parentheses to capture any groups or if you only capture one group, the result will be a list of strings. If you capture more than one group, the result will be a list of tuples.

text = """
1. ricochet robots
2. settlers of catan
3. acquire
"""
re.findall(r'^(d+).(.*)$', text, re.MULTILINE)
# [('1', ' ricochet robots'), ('2', ' settlers of catan'), ('3', ' acquire')]

In this case, we’re capturing the number and the name of the game in two different groups.

Class Vs. Instance Variables in Python 3

howchoo   (467)

November 22, 2023